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Wanted Person No: 0501-Z0 |
Najar Kidnapping |
Sent-Complain Letters |
Published: 22.02.2012 Updated: 22.02.2012 |
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Information wanted on this person (please send to NajarWantedPersons@Yahoo.com)
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Name and Aliases |
Standard Oil alias Rockefeller and Windsor families
and the source of all evil in our world since at least 1910 Because of this
company the Rockefeller and Windsor families created so many branches of their
evil family enable they can control the petroleum in our world and control our
lives among others by creating so many organized crime family, my fake family, that deal from illegal drugs to
prostitution and slavery sweat shops factories enable they can generate
enough money to drill for the petroleum. But also they created several
religions, and falsified their history such as Islam
Sunni, Islam Shiaa, Mormon, Scientology (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormons
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology)
that are all designed to allow a person to have uncountable hidden children
while limiting the children for the general public, as distraction of Islam Sunni and Israel
as distraction of all the new so called Arab
countries that they build around petroleum projects they called them
Project Libya, project Saudi
Arabia and in these project they create slavery countries all distracted
by Israel that is actually the first country in the world ever to use the Hebrew language that is also distraction of the
all new Arab language that the Standard oil
created to not allow Europeans and Americans to communicate with these workers and
understand where the hell they are from. The Arabic
language as we know it today is a combination of Urdu (ancient Indian language designed specifically for Islam in India),
and various African languages mixed with European language concept such as the so called
Tashkeel comes among others from the French language
such as “accent de gu French” also
called French
orthography (for more
information see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography) Below is a copy
of the official Standard Oil profile from Wikipedia. Here are also
some links in Wikipedia about the various original Standard oil companies: 1.
Standard Oil main profile: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil
2.
Standard Oil Company of New
York, also called Mobil: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Company_of_New_York
3.
Standard Oil of New Jersey,
also called Esso: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esso
4.
Standard Oil of California, also
called Chevron: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Corporation
5.
Standard Oil Company of New
Jersey, also called Exxon: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon 6.
Standard Oil of Ohio, also
called SOHIO: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Ohio 7.
Standard Oil of Indiana, also called AMOCO: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoco 8.
Standard Oil of Kentucky, also called Kyso: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Kentucky 9.
Standard Oil Building, Also called Aon Center
(Chicago) previously Amoco Building: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_building 10. Aon Corporation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon_Corporation
11. Aon Center (Los
Angeles): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon_Center_(Los_Angeles)
12. Aon Center
(Chicago): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon_Center_(Chicago)
13. Note: this German company is one of many disguised
Rockefeller and Windsor families petroleum and energy companies in almost
every country in the world E.ON AG: here is my
interpretation of E.ON AG and here is the official profile on Wikipedia.org:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.ON
14. USA
break down Standard Oil in several smaller companies, also called Standard
Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United State: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New_Jersey_v._United_States |
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This is a copy from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil
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Standard Oil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search
Standard Oil was a predominant American integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870 as a corporation in Ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world[6] and operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations until it was broken up by the United States Supreme Court in 1911.John D. Rockefeller was a founder, chairman
and major shareholder. As it grew exponentially and engaged in business
strategies, tactics and practices that were lawful but drove many smaller
businesses under, Standard Oil became widely criticized in the public eye,
even as it made Rockefeller the richest man in modern history. Other notable
Standard Oil principals include Henry
Flagler, developer of Florida's Florida East Coast Railway and resort
cities, and Henry H. Rogers, who built the Virginian Railway (VGN), a well-engineered
highly efficient line dedicated to shipping southern West
Virginia's bituminous coal to port at Hampton
Roads.
[edit] Early years
John D. Rockefeller c. 1872, shortly after
founding Standard Oil Standard Oil began as an Ohio partnership formed by the well-known industrialist John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry
Flagler, chemist Samuel Andrews, silent
partner Stephen V. Harkness,
and Oliver Burr Jennings, who had married the
sister of William Rockefeller's wife. In 1870 Rockefeller incorporated
Standard Oil in Ohio. Of the initial 10,000 shares, John D. Rockefeller
received 2,667; Harkness received 1,334; William
Rockefeller, Flagler, and Andrews received 1,333 each; Jennings received
1,000; and the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler
received 1,000.[7] Using
highly effective tactics, later widely criticized, it absorbed or destroyed
most of its competition in Cleveland in less than two months in 1872 and later
throughout the northeastern United States. In the early years, John D. Rockefeller dominated the combine, for he was
the single most important figure in shaping the new oil industry.[8]
He quickly distributed power and the tasks of policy formation to a system of
committees, but always remained the largest shareholder.
Authority was centralized in the company's main office in Cleveland, but
decisions in the office were made in a cooperative way.[9] In response to state laws trying to limit the scale of companies,
Rockefeller and his associates developed innovative ways of organizing, to
effectively manage their fast growing enterprise. In 1882, they combined
their disparate companies, spread across dozens of states, under a single
group of trustees. By a secret agreement, the existing thirty-seven
stockholders conveyed their shares "in trust" to nine Trustees:
John and William Rockefeller, Oliver H. Payne, Charles
Pratt, Henry Flagler, John
D. Archbold, William
G. Warden, Jabez Bostwick,
and Benjamin Brewster.[10]
This organization proved so successful that other giant enterprises adopted
this "trust" form.
Standard Oil Refinery No. 1 in Cleveland, Ohio, 1899 The company grew by increasing sales and also through acquisitions. After
purchasing competing firms, Rockefeller shut down those he believed to be inefficient
and kept the others. In a seminal deal, in 1868, the Lake Shore Railroad, a
part of the New York Central, gave Rockefeller's firm a
going rate of one cent a gallon or forty-two cents a barrel, an effective 71%
discount off of its listed rates in return for a promise to ship at least 60
carloads of oil daily and to handle the loading and unloading on its own.[citation needed] Smaller
companies decried such deals as unfair because they were not producing enough
oil to qualify for discounts. In 1872, Rockefeller joined the South Improvement Company which would
have allowed him to receive rebates for shipping and receive drawbacks on oil
his competitors shipped. But when this deal became known, competitors
convinced the Pennsylvania Legislature to revoke South
Improvement's charter. No oil was ever shipped under this arrangement.[citation needed] Standard's actions and secret[11]
transport deals helped its kerosene price to drop from 58 to 26 cents from 1865 to
1870. Competitors disliked the company's business practices, but consumers
liked the lower prices. Standard Oil, being formed well before the discovery
of the Spindletop oil field and a demand for oil other than
for heat and light, was well placed to control the growth of the oil
business. The company was perceived to own and control all aspects of the
trade. In 1885, Standard Oil of Ohio moved its headquarters
from Cleveland
to its permanent headquarters at 26
Broadway in New York City. Concurrently, the trustees of
Standard Oil of Ohio chartered the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (SOCNJ)
to take advantages of New Jersey's more lenient corporate stock ownership
laws. Also in 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act — the source of
all American anti-monopoly laws. The law forbade every contract, scheme,
deal, or conspiracy to restrain trade, though the phrase "restraint of
trade" remained subjective. The Standard Oil group quickly attracted
attention from antitrust authorities leading to a lawsuit filed by Ohio Attorney General David
K. Watson. From 1882 to 1906, Standard paid out $548,436,000 in dividends at
65.4% payout
ratio. As is common practice in business, a fraction of the profits was
put back into the business, rather than being distributed to stockholders.
The total net earnings from 1882 to 1906 amounted to $838,783,800, exceeding
the dividends by $290,347,800. The latter amount was used for plant
expansions. [edit] 1895–1911
350px In 1897, John Rockefeller retired from the Standard Oil Company of New
Jersey, the holding company of the group, but remained a major shareholder.
Vice-president John Dustin Archbold
took a large part in the running of the firm. At the same time, state and
federal laws sought to counter this development with "antitrust"
laws. In 1911, the US Justice Department sued the group under
the federal antitrust law and ordered its breakup into 34 companies. Standard Oil's market position was initially established through an
emphasis on efficiency and responsibility. While most companies dumped gasoline in
rivers (this was before the automobile was popular), Standard used it to fuel
its machines. While other companies' refineries piled mountains of heavy
waste, Rockefeller found ways to sell it. For example, Standard created the
first synthetic competitor for beeswax and bought the company that invented and produced Vaseline, the
Chesebrough
Manufacturing Company, which was a Standard company only from 1908 until
1911. One of the original "muckrakers" was Ida
M. Tarbell, an American author and journalist. Her father was an oil
producer whose business had failed due to Rockefeller's business dealings.
After extensive interviews with a sympathetic senior executive of Standard
Oil, Henry H. Rogers, Tarbell's investigations of
Standard Oil fueled growing public attacks on Standard Oil and on monopolies
in general. Her work was published in 19 parts in McClure's
magazine from November 1902 to October 1904, then in 1904 as the book The History of the Standard
Oil Company. The Standard Oil Trust was controlled by a small group of families.
Rockefeller stated in 1910: "I think it is true that the Pratt family,
the Payne-Whitney family (which were one, as all the stock
came from Colonel Payne), the Harkness-Flagler
family (which came into the Company together) and the Rockefeller family controlled a majority of
the stock during all the history of the Company up to the present time".[12] These families reinvested most of the dividends in other industries,
especially railroads. They also invested heavily in the gas and the electric
lighting business (including the giant Consolidated Gas Company of New York City).
They made large purchases of stock in US Steel, Amalgamated Copper, and even Corn Products Refining Company.[13] [edit] Standard Oil In China Standard Oil's production increased so rapidly it soon exceeded US demand
and the company began viewing export markets. In the 1890s, Standard Oil
began marketing kerosene to China's large population of close to 400 million
as lamp fuel.[14]
For its Chinese trademark and brand Standard Oil adopted the name "Mei
Foo", translating roughly as beautiful and trustworthy or beautiful
confidence.[15][16]
Mei Foo also became the name of the tin lamp that Standard Oil produced and
gave away or sold cheaply to Chinese peasants, encouraging them to switch
from vegetable oil to kerosene. Response was positive, sales boomed and China
became Standard Oil's largest market in Asia. Prior to Pearl Harbor, Stanvac was the largest single US investment in SE Asia.[17] Socony's North China Department operated a
subsidiary called Socony River and Coastal Fleet,
North Coast Division, which became the North China Division of Stanvac after that company was formed in 1933.[18]
To distribute its products, Standard Oil constructed storage tanks, canneries
(bulk oil from large ocean tankers was re-packaged into 5-gallon tins),
warehouses and offices in key Chinese cities. For inland distribution the
Company had motor tank trucks and railway tank cars, and for river navigation
it had a fleet of low draft steamers and other vessels.[19] Stanvac's North China Division, based in Shanghai, owned
hundreds of river going vessels, including motor barges, steamers, launches,
tugboats and tankers.[20]
Up to 13 tankers operated on the Yangtze
River, the largest of which were Mei Ping (1,118 gt), Mei Hsia (1,048 gt),and Mei An (934 gt).[21]
All three were destroyed in the 1937 USS Panay incident.[22] Mei
An was launched in 1901 and was the first vessel
in the fleet. Other vessels included Mei Chuen,
Mei Foo, Mei Hung, Mei Kiang, Mei Lu, Mei Tan,
Mei Su, Mei Xia, Mei Ying, and Mei Yun. Mei
Hsia, a tanker, was specially designed for river duty and was built by New
Engineering and Shipbuilding Works of Shanghai, who also built the 500-ton launch Mei Foo in 1912. Mei Hsia
("Beautiful Gorges") was launched in 1926 and carried 350 tons of
bulk oil in three holds, plus a forward cargo hold and space between decks
for carrying general cargo or packed oil. She had a length of 206 feet (63
m), a beam of 32 feet (9.8 m), depth of 10 feet 6
inches (3.20 m) and had a bulletproof wheelhouse. Mei Ping
("Beautiful Tranquility") launched in 1927, was designed offshore
but assembled and finished in Shanghai. Her oil fuel burners came from the
U.S. and her water tube boilers came from England.[23][24] [edit] Monopoly
charges and anti-trust litigation See
also: Standard Oil Co. of
New Jersey v. United States By 1890, Standard Oil controlled 88% of the refined oil flows in the
United States. The state of Ohio successfully sued Standard, compelling the dissolution of
the trust in 1892. But Standard only separated off Standard Oil of Ohio and
kept control of it. Eventually, the state of New Jersey
changed its incorporation laws to allow a company to hold shares in other
companies in any state. So, in 1899, the Standard Oil Trust, based at 26
Broadway in New York, was legally reborn as a holding
company, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (SOCNJ), which
held stock in 41 other companies, which controlled other companies, which in
turn controlled yet other companies. This conglomerate was seen by the public
as all-pervasive, controlled by a select group of directors, and completely
unaccountable.[25]
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt depicted as the infant Hercules
grappling with Standard Oil in a 1906 Puck
magazine cartoon In 1904, Standard controlled 91% of production and 85% of final sales.
Most of its output was kerosene, of which 55% was exported around the world.
After 1900 it did not try to force competitors out of business by underpricing
them.[26]
The federal Commissioner of Corporations studied
Standard's operations from the period of 1904 to 1906[27]
and concluded that "beyond question... the dominant position of the
Standard Oil Company in the refining industry was due to unfair
practices—to abuse of the control of pipe-lines, to railroad
discriminations, and to unfair methods of competition in the sale of the
refined petroleum products".[28]
Due to competition from other firms, their market share had gradually eroded
to 70% by 1906 which was the year when the antitrust case was filed against
Standard, and down to 64% by 1911 when Standard was ordered broken up[29]
and at least 147 refining companies were competing with Standard including
Gulf, Texaco, and Shell.[30]
It did not try to monopolize the exploration and pumping of oil (its share in
1911 was 11%).[citation needed] In 1909, the US Department of Justice sued Standard
under federal anti-trust law, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, for
sustaining a monopoly and restraining interstate commerce by:[31] "Rebates, preferences, and other discriminatory practices in favor of
the combination by railroad companies; restraint and monopolization by
control of pipe lines, and unfair practices against competing pipe lines;
contracts with competitors in restraint of trade; unfair methods of
competition, such as local price cutting at the points where necessary to
suppress competition; [and] espionage of the business of competitors, the
operation of bogus independent companies, and payment of rebates on oil, with
the like intent." The lawsuit argued that Standard's monopolistic practices took place in
the last four years:[32] "The general result of the investigation has been to disclose the
existence of numerous and flagrant discriminations by the railroads in behalf
of the Standard Oil Company and its affiliated corporations. With
comparatively few exceptions, mainly of other large concerns in California,
the Standard has been the sole beneficiary of such discriminations. In almost
every section of the country that company has been found to enjoy some unfair
advantages over its competitors, and some of these discriminations affect
enormous areas." The government identified four illegal patterns: 1) secret and
semi-secret railroad rates; (2) discriminations in the open arrangement of
rates; (3) discriminations in classification and rules of shipment; (4)
discriminations in the treatment of private tank cars. The government
alleged:[33] "Almost everywhere the rates from the shipping points used
exclusively, or almost exclusively, by the Standard are relatively lower than
the rates from the shipping points of its competitors. Rates have been made
low to let the Standard into markets, or they have been made high to keep its
competitors out of markets. Trifling differences in distances are made an
excuse for large differences in rates favorable to the Standard Oil Company,
while large differences in distances are ignored where they are against the
Standard. Sometimes connecting roads prorate on oil—that is, make
through rates which are lower than the combination of local rates; sometimes
they refuse to prorate; but in either case the result of their policy is to
favor the Standard Oil Company. Different methods are used in different
places and under different conditions, but the net result is that from Maine
to California the general arrangement of open rates on petroleum oil is such
as to give the Standard an unreasonable advantage over its competitors" The government said that Standard raised prices to its monopolistic
customers but lowered them to hurt competitors, often disguising its illegal
actions by using bogus supposedly independent companies it controlled.[34] "The evidence is, in fact, absolutely conclusive that the Standard
Oil Company charges altogether excessive prices where it meets no
competition, and particularly where there is little likelihood of competitors
entering the field, and that, on the other hand, where competition is active,
it frequently cuts prices to a point which leaves even the Standard little or
no profit, and which more often leaves no profit to the competitor, whose
costs are ordinarily somewhat higher." On May 15, 1911, the US
Supreme Court upheld the lower court judgment and declared the Standard
Oil group to be an "unreasonable" monopoly
under the Sherman Antitrust Act. It ordered Standard
to break up into 34 independent companies with different boards of directors, the biggest two of the companies were Exxon and Mobil.[35] Standard's president, John Rockefeller, had long since retired from any
management role. But, as he owned a quarter of the shares of the resultant
companies, and those share values mostly doubled, he emerged from the
dissolution as the richest man in the world.[36] [edit] Breakup
By 1911, with public outcry at a climax, the Supreme Court of the United States
ruled that Standard Oil must be dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act and split into 34
companies. Two of these companies were Jersey Standard ("Standard Oil Company of New Jersey"), which
eventually became Exxon,
and Socony ("Standard Oil Company of New
York"), which eventually became Mobil. Over the next few decades, both companies grew significantly. Jersey
Standard, led by Walter C. Teagle,
became the largest oil producer in the world. It acquired a 50 percent share
in Humble
Oil & Refining Co., a Texas oil producer. Socony
purchased a 45 percent interest in Magnolia Petroleum Co., a major refiner,
marketer and pipeline transporter. In 1931, Socony
merged with Vacuum Oil Co., an industry pioneer dating back to 1866, and a
growing Standard Oil spin-off in its own right. In the Asia-Pacific region, Jersey Standard had oil
production and refineries in Indonesia but no marketing network. Socony-Vacuum
had Asian marketing outlets supplied remotely from California. In 1933,
Jersey Standard and Socony-Vacuum merged their
interests in the region into a 50–50 joint venture. Standard-Vacuum Oil
Co., or "Stanvac", operated in 50
countries, from East Africa to New
Zealand, before it was dissolved in 1962. Other Standard Oil breakup companies include "Standard Oil of
Ohio" which became SOHIO, "Standard Oil of Indiana" which became Amoco after other
mergers and a name change in the 1980s, "Standard Oil of
California" became the Chevron Corporation. [edit] Legacy and
criticism of breakup The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1911 that antitrust law required Standard
Oil to be broken into smaller, independent companies. Among the "baby
Standards" that still exist are ExxonMobil
and Chevron. Some have speculated that if not for
that court ruling, Standard Oil could have possibly been worth more than $1
trillion today.[37] Whether
the breakup of Standard Oil was beneficial is a matter of some controversy.[38][39]
Some economists believe that Standard Oil was not a monopoly, and also argue
that the intense free market competition resulted in cheaper oil prices and
more diverse petroleum products; in 1890, Rep. William Mason, arguing in
favor of the Sherman Antitrust Act, said: "trusts have made products
cheaper, have reduced prices; but if the price of oil, for instance, were
reduced to one cent a barrel, it would not right the wrong done to people of
this country by the trusts which have destroyed legitimate competition
and driven honest men from legitimate business enterprise".[40] The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits the
restraint of trade. Defenders of Standard Oil insist that the company did not
restrain trade; they were simply superior competitors. The federal courts
ruled otherwise. Some economic historians have observed that Standard Oil was in the
process of losing its monopoly at the time of its breakup in 1911. Although
Standard had 90% of American refining capacity in 1880, by 1911 that had
shrunk to between 60 and 65%, due to the expansion in capacity by
competitors.[41]
Numerous regional competitors (such as Pure Oil in
the East, Texaco
and Gulf Oil
in the Gulf Coast, Cities Service and Sun in the
Midcontinent, Union in California, and Shell overseas) had organized themselves into
competitive vertically integrated oil companies, the industry structure
pioneered years earlier by Standard itself. In addition, demand for petroleum
products was increasing more rapidly than the ability of Standard to expand.
The result was that although in 1911 Standard still controlled most
production in the older US regions of the Appalachian Basin (78% share, down
from 92% in 1880), Lima-Indiana (90%, down from 95% in 1906), and the Illinois
Basin (83%, down from 100% in 1906), its share was much lower in the
rapidly expanding new regions that would dominate US oil production in the
20th century. In 1911 Standard controlled only 44% of production in the
Midcontinent, 29% in California, and 10% on the Gulf Coast.[42] Some analysts argue that the breakup was beneficial to consumers in the
long run, and no one has ever proposed that Standard Oil be reassembled in
pre-1911 form.[43] ExxonMobil,
however, does represent a substantial part of the original company. [edit] Successor companies The successor companies from Standard Oil's breakup form the core of
today's US oil industry. (Several of these companies were considered among
the Seven Sisters who dominated the
industry worldwide for much of the twentieth century.) They include: ·
Standard Oil of New Jersey (SONJ) - or
Esso (S.O.)
– renamed Exxon,
now part of ExxonMobil. Standard Trust companies Carter Oil, Imperial
Oil (Canada), and Standard of Louisiana were
kept as part of Standard Oil of New Jersey after the breakup. ·
Standard Oil of New York – or Socony,
merged with Vacuum – renamed Mobil, now part of ExxonMobil. ·
Standard Oil of California – or Socal – renamed Chevron, became ChevronTexaco,
but returned to Chevron. ·
Standard Oil of Indiana - or Stanolind, renamed Amoco (American Oil
Co.) – now part of BP. ·
Standard's
Atlantic and the independent company Richfield merged to form Atlantic
Richfield or ARCO,
now part of BP.
Atlantic operations were spun off and bought by Sunoco. ·
Standard Oil of Kentucky – or Kyso
was acquired by Standard Oil of California - currently
Chevron. ·
Continental Oil Company – or Conoco now part
of ConocoPhillips. ·
Standard Oil of Ohio – or Sohio,
acquired by BP in
1987. ·
The Ohio Oil Company – or The Ohio,
and marketed gasoline under the Marathon name. The company is now known as Marathon Oil Company, and was often a rival
with the in-state Standard spinoff, Sohio. Other Standard Oil spin-offs: ·
Standard Oil of Iowa – pre-1911
– became Standard Oil of California. ·
Standard
Oil of Minnesota – pre-1911 – bought by Standard Oil of Indiana. ·
Standard
Oil of Illinois - pre-1911 - bought by Standard Oil of Indiana. ·
Standard
Oil of Kansas – refining only, eventually bought by Indiana Standard. ·
Standard
Oil of Missouri – pre-1911 – dissolved. ·
Standard Oil of Louisiana –
always owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil). ·
Standard
Oil of Brazil – always owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey (now
ExxonMobil). Other companies divested in the 1911 breakup: ·
Anglo-American
Oil Co. – acquired by Jersey Standard in 1930, now Esso UK. ·
Buckeye Pipe Line Co. ·
Borne-Scrymser Co. (chemicals) ·
Chesebrough
Manufacturing (now Unilever) ·
Colonial
Oil. ·
Crescent
Pipeline Co. ·
Cumberland
Pipe Line Co. ·
Eureka
Pipe Line Co. ·
Galena-Signal
Oil Co. ·
Indiana
Pipe Line Co. ·
National
Transit Co. ·
New
York Transit Co. ·
Northern
Pipe Line Co. ·
Prairie
Oil & Gas. ·
Solar
Refining. ·
Southern
Pipe Line Co. ·
South
Penn Oil Co. – eventually became Pennzoil, now
part of Shell. ·
Southwest
Pennsylvania Pipe Line Co. ·
Swan
and Finch. ·
Union
Tank Lines. ·
Washington
Oil Co. ·
Waters-Pierce. Note: Standard Oil of Colorado was not a
successor company; the name was used to capitalize on the Standard Oil brand
in the 1930s. Standard Oil of Connecticut is a fuel oil marketer not related
to the Rockefeller companies. [edit] Rights to the name
This map shows by state which company currently has the
rights to the Standard Oil name. ExxonMobil
has full international rights and continues to use the Esso name overseas. Kentucky is
currently held by Chevron, however its status is up in the air
after Chevron withdrew retail sales from Kentucky in July 2010. Of the 34 "Baby Standards", 11 were given rights to the
Standard Oil name, based on the state they were in. Conoco and Atlantic elected to use their respective names
instead of the Standard name, and their rights would be claimed by other
companies. By the 1980s, most companies were using their individual brand names instead
of the Standard name, with Amoco being the last one to have widespread use of
the "Standard" name, as it gave Midwestern owners the option of
using the Amoco name or Standard. Currently, three supermajor companies own the
rights to the Standard name in the United States: ExxonMobil,
Chevron Corporation, and BP. BP acquired its
rights through acquiring Standard Oil of Ohio and Amoco, and has a
small handful of stations in the Midwestern United States using the
Standard name. Chevron has one station in each state it owns the rights to
branded as Standard except in Kentucky, which it withdrew from in July 2010.[44]
ExxonMobil keeps the Esso
trademark alive at stations that sell diesel
fuel by selling "Esso Diesel" displayed on the pumps. ExxonMobil
has full international rights to the Standard name, and continues to use the
Esso name overseas.[45] ·
One of 16 Chevron stations branded as
"Standard" to protect Chevron's former trademark; this one is in Las Vegas, Nevada. ·
A combination gasoline/diesel pump at an Exxon in Zelienople, Pennsylvania selling Exxon
gasoline and "Esso Diesel". ·
BP station with "torch and oval" Standard
sign in Durand, Michigan. [edit] See also ·
The History of the Standard
Oil Company (book) ·
History of the United States
(1865-1918) ·
Standard Oil Gasoline Station [edit] References [edit] Bibliography ·
Bringhurst, Bruce. Antitrust and the Oil
Monopoly: The Standard Oil Cases, 1890–1911. New York: Greenwood
Press, 1979. ·
Chernow, Ron. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.
London: Warner Books, 1998. ·
Droz, R.V. Whatever
Happened to Standard Oil?, 2004. Retrieved June 25, 2005. ·
Folsom,
Jr., Burton W. John
D. Rockefeller and the Oil Industry from The
Myth of the Robber Barons. New York: Young America, 2003. ·
Giddens, Paul H. Standard Oil Company (Companies and men).
New York: Ayer Co. Publishing, 1976. ·
Henderson,
Wayne. Standard Oil: The First 125 Years. New York: Motorbooks International, 1996. ·
Hidy, Ralph W. and Muriel E. Hidy.
History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey :
Pioneering in Big Business 1882–1911). New York: Ayer Co.
Publishing, 1987. ·
Jones;
Eliot. The Trust Problem in the United States 1922. Chapter 5; online edition ·
Klein,
Henry H. Dynastic America and Those Who Own It. New York: Kessinger Publishing, [1921] Reprint, 2003. ·
Knowlton,
Evelyn H. and George S. Gibb. History of Standard Oil Company: Resurgent
Years 1911–1927. New York: Harper & Row, 1956. ·
Larson,
Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton and Charles S. Popple.
New Horizons 1927–1950 (History of Standard Oil Company (New
Jersey), Volume 3). New York: Harper & Row, 1971. ·
Latham,
Earl ed. John D. Rockefeller: Robber Baron or Industrial Statesman?, 1949.
Primary and secondary sources. ·
Manns, Leslie D. "Dominance in the Oil Industry:
Standard Oil from 1865 to 1911" in David I. Rosenbaum ed, Market Dominance: How
Firms Gain, Hold, or Lose it and the Impact on Economic Performance. Praeger, 1998. online edition ·
Montague,
Gilbert Holland. The Rise And Progress of the
Standard Oil Company. (1902) online edition ·
Montague,
Gilbert Holland. "The Rise and Supremacy of the Standard Oil
Company," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Feb.,
1902), pp. 265-292 in JSTOR ·
Montague,
Gilbert Holland. "The Later History of the Standard Oil Company," Quarterly
Journal of Economics, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Feb., 1903), pp. 293-325 in JSTOR ·
Nevins,
Allan. John D. Rockefeller: The Heroic Age of American Enterprise.
2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940. ·
Nevins,
Allan. Study In Power: John D. Rockefeller, Industrialist and
Philanthropist. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953. ·
Nowell, Gregory P. (1994). Mercantile States and the World
Oil Cartel, 1900–1939..
Cornell University Press. ·
Standard
Oil Company of California. Whatever
happened to Standard Oil?, 1980. Retrieved June 25, 2005. ·
Tarbell, Ida
M. The History of the Standard Oil Company, 1904. The famous
original expose in McClure's Magazine of Standard Oil. ·
Wall,
Bennett H. Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil
Company (New Jersey), Exxon Corporation, 1950–1975. New York: Harpercollins, 1989. ·
Williamson,
Harold F. and Arnold R. Daum. The American
Petroleum Industry: The Age of Illumination, 1859–1899, 1959: vol 2, American Petroleum Industry: the Age of Energy
1899–1959, 1964. The standard history of the oil industry. online edition of vol 1 ·
Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The
Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster,
1991. [edit] Notes 1.
^ "John
D. and Standard Oil". Bowling Green State University. http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/rockefeller/bio2.htm.
Retrieved 2008-05-07. 2.
^ "Rockefellers
Timeline". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/rockefellers/timeline/index.html.
Retrieved 2008-05-07. 3.
^ WARDEN
WINTER HOME - Florida Historical Markers on Waymarking.com 4.
^ Jacob
Vandergrift…Transportation Pioneer | Oil150.com 5.
^ The Project
Gutenberg eBook of Random Reminiscences, by John D. Rockefeller 6.
^ "Exxon
Mobil - Our history". Exxon Mobil Corporation. http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/history/about_who_history.aspx.
Retrieved 2009-02-03. 7.
^ Dies, Edward (1969). Behind the Wall
Street Curtain. Ayer. p. 76. http://books.google.com/books?id=DVA2Hdri9XsC. 8.
^ One of the world's first and biggest
multinationals—see Daniel Yergin,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon
& Schuster, 1991, p.35. 9.
^ Hidy, Ralph W. and Muriel E.
Hidy. Pioneering in Big Business,
1882–1911: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) (1955). 10. ^ Josephson, Matthew (1962). The Robber Barons.
Harcourt Trade. pp. 277. http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqtTdEcT0iAC. 11. ^ Jones, p 76 12. ^ Standard Oil controlled by a small group of
families—see Ron Chernow, Titan: The Life
of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., London: Warner Books, 1998, (p.291) 13. ^ Jones, Eliot. The Trust Problem in the United
States pp. 89–90 (1922) (hereinafter Jones). 14. ^ Crow, Carl (2007 (original edition 1940)). Foreign
Devils in the Flowery Kingdom. Hong Kong:Earnshaw Books. ISBN 978-988-99633-3-0.pp. 41–42 15. ^ Cochran, S., Encountering Chinese Networks: Western,
Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880-1937, University of California
Press, 2000, p. 38. 16. ^ Anderson, Irvine H. Jr., The Standard-Vacuum Oil
Company and United States East Asian Policy, 1933-1941, Princeton University
Press, 1975, p. 16. 17. ^ Anderson p. 203. 18. ^ The Mei Foo Shield, A monthly publication of the North
China Department of Standard Oil Company of New York for its Far Eastern
Staff. 19. ^ Cochran p.31 20. ^ Cochran p.32 21. ^ Anderson p. 106 22. ^ Mender, Peter (2010). Thirty Years a Mariner in the
Far East 1907–1937, The Memoirs of Peter
Mender, a Standard Oil Ship Captain on China's Yangtze River. Bangor, ME:
Booklocker. 23. ^ The Mei Foo Shield, May 1926, November 1927 24. ^ Mobil Mariner, May 1958 25. ^ Standard Oil of New Jersey seen as all-pervasive and
unaccountable, holding stock in a myriad of other companies—see Yergin, op. cit., (pp.96–98) 26. ^ Jones pp 58–59, 64. 27. ^ Jones. pg 58 28. ^ Jones. pp. 65–66. 29. ^ Rosenbaum, David Ira. Market dominance: how firms
gain, hold, or lose it and the impact on economic performance. Greenwood Publishing
Group, 1998. p. 33 30. ^ Armentano, Dominick.
Antitrust: The Case for Repeal. Ludwig von Mises
Institute. 1999. p. 57. 31. ^ Manns, Leslie D.,
"Dominance in the Oil Industry: Standard Oil from 1865 to 1911" in
David I. Rosenbaum ed., Market Dominance: How Firms Gain, Hold, or Lose it and the Impact on Economic Performance, p. 11
(Praeger 1998). 32. ^ Jones, p. 73. 33. ^ Jones, p 75–76. 34. ^ Jones, p. 80. 35. ^ See generally Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v.
United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). 36. ^ Rockefeller the richest man after the dissolution of
1911—see Yergin, op. cit., (p.113) 37. ^ The
Investing Secrets of the Richest Man the World Has Ever Known 38. ^ http://www.libertyhaven.com/theoreticalorphilosophicalissues/economics/monopolyandindustrialorganization/witchhunting.shtml 39. ^ http://www.polyconomics.com/searchbase/06-12-98.html 40. ^ Congressional Record, 51st Congress, 1st session,
House, June 20, 1890, p. 4100. 41. ^ Daniel Yergin, The Prize,
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991, p.79. 42. ^ Harold F. Williamsson and
others, (1963) The American Petroleum Industry, 1899-1959, Evanston,
Ill.: Northwestern Univ. Press, p.4-14. 43. ^ David I. Rosenbaum, Market Dominance: How Firms
Gain, Hold, or Lose it and the Impact on Economic Performance, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1998, (pp.31–33) 44. ^ Eastern
Withdrawal for Chevron 45. ^ Standard
Oil Today [edit] External links ·
The Dismantling of The Standard
Oil Trust ·
Educate
Yourself- Standard Oil -- Part I ·
Witch-hunting
for Robber Barons: The Standard Oil Story by Lawrence
W. Reed—argues Standard Oil was not a coercive monopoly. ·
The Truth About the "Robber
Barons"—arguing that Stand Oil was not a monopoly. ·
Google Books:
Dynastic America and Those Who Own It, 2003 (1921), by Henry H. Klein ·
Whatever happened to
Standard Oil?: Pre-1911 and Post-1911—Timeline of the various
subsidiaries ·
Standard Oil around the World:
Post-1911 |
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